New Zealand is racing to protect its critically endangered birds, including the kākāpō, from H5N1 avian influenza before the spring migration brings the virus to its shores. With fewer than 250 kākāpō left, even a single outbreak could be catastrophic.
In a world-first trial, the Department of Conservation vaccinated 10 captive birds from five endangered species, including kākāpō, takahē, kakī, tūturuatu, and a type of kākāriki. Using the H5N3 poultry vaccine, four species developed strong antibodies lasting at least six months, offering hope for safeguarding breeding populations.
The program is focused on captive birds, as vaccinating wild populations is logistically difficult and stressful. Similar measures abroad include emergency vaccination of over 200 California condors after an H5 outbreak in 2023.
Scientists warn vaccines can become less effective as viruses evolve, and incomplete coverage might drive viral adaptation. Still, experts agree that even partial protection is better than none.
“If we start too soon, immunity may fade. If too late, we might miss the crucial moment,” says wildlife vet Kate McInnes.
Authorities are planning the timing carefully to maximize protection before migratory birds could introduce the virus.
