A new large-scale analysis in the United States has found that children aged four and five with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often prescribed medication immediately after diagnosis, rather than following recommended guidelines. Medical guidance advises that young children first undergo six months of behavioural therapy before starting medication.
The study, published in JAMA Network Open and including more than 9,700 children, revealed that 42.2% of young patients were prescribed ADHD medication within one month of diagnosis, while only 14.1% began treatment after the recommended six-month period. Lead author Dr Yair Bannett, an assistant professor of paediatrics at Stanford University, called the practice “concerning,” noting that starting with behavioural therapy has significant benefits for both children and families.
ADHD affects an estimated 11.4% of US children aged three to 17, causing symptoms such as hyperactivity, distraction, forgetfulness, and restlessness. Early intervention is critical, as untreated ADHD can affect academic performance and long-term outcomes.
Treatment typically involves behavioural therapy, where children develop skills to manage daily functioning, and medication such as Ritalin or Concerta, which help control hyperactivity and inattention. Most children benefit from a combination of both approaches, but guidelines emphasise that the youngest children should start with therapy alone.
The study also highlighted that limited access to behavioural therapy may contribute to the early reliance on medication. While the medications are generally safe for young children, some parents discontinue use due to side effects like irritability, aggression, and emotional instability.
Researchers cautioned that these findings are based on US data and may not directly apply to Europe, where children are significantly less likely to receive ADHD medication.
